http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003073.htm
, I. ~" Y F+ ?1 ]) a6 o/ ICoughing up bloodEmail this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinter-friendly version! P& |5 q5 `" e9 M, P% R9 ~* ~
Coughing up blood is the spitting up of blood or bloody mucus from the lungs and throat (respiratory tract).9 x) N' }5 e, y7 @4 z
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Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the respiratory tract., x0 H6 m$ P! r! V6 `
# h, S3 E( e z* {# jConsiderations
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" Z3 L( A; ~1 M) ^$ x) K5 ^- tCoughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract.& v, Z* c' ]7 {3 k; |
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Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is usually bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus may only contain streaks of blood.# H/ h- V$ g- M) M: ` x
: Z' v* U/ }1 s* K% k. bCauses- d7 _* B/ E/ ]' v
6 i8 @& F: h, A4 ^" ~. f& UA number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:0 P, t C0 z( `2 v! c
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Blood clot in the lung
+ G9 [! Q/ o9 x VBreathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration)# l- ~2 l; t. r) ]
Bronchoscopy with biopsy
& @2 z$ R- g0 H. l8 V/ l" qBronchiectasis% x' W& L" T9 I) ~+ x. H
Bronchitis
1 e& ~4 D, `; G. |3 g, P3 VCancer
5 Q# g9 s+ `3 Z+ v) v2 ~1 KCystic fibrosis
7 ^5 D$ I8 b# r" r# u s9 X+ OInflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis)
C7 @( |5 E) b* yInjury to the arteries of the lungs& d+ i3 U9 t% W2 b. f4 O x
Irritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood)' n! ^' z% ~2 h( m5 B. G
Pneumonia or other lung infections9 u. O5 c# I6 s M
Pulmonary edema8 K/ L" r% _' c9 m" P3 i( z1 h
Systemic lupus erythematosus( `4 G3 m6 ?, }: _
Tuberculosis3 |2 \9 n: i% `
Home Care
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Cough suppressants may help if this condition is due to throat irritation from violent coughing. However, cough suppressants may lead to airway blockages in some cases. Always check with your doctor before using them.
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! c) J& [* s- R4 n2 QIt is very important to note how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Contact your doctor any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.
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When to Contact a Medical Professional
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6 S8 Z) z& r& @: ]. {' z2 |, yGet medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:
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6 t- @$ R1 L$ z+ g+ a; g" gA cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood
; a4 U/ X; r1 }$ u1 l* dBlood in your urine or stools O+ ]; @# \" x+ q8 e- @
Chest pain& X: F& c* I4 F4 d8 l
Dizziness3 c/ |0 E, u) y# u) u$ @6 e
Fever+ z5 [; \6 z& z" N( C* N0 v. s
Light-headedness
$ A9 q4 t2 B$ L2 o$ m3 eSevere shortness of breath
l5 i: E6 o% C# K3 c K2 t QWhat to Expect at Your Office Visit$ P% n4 t8 I. v" {' x
' a: c$ i1 K6 X' `3 [0 uIn an emergency case, your doctor will give you treatments to control your condition. The doctor will then ask you questions about your cough, such as:$ `6 B1 \; b& O3 c/ @, [- W) u J
1 D+ T; i1 w3 Z! wType# s; Q- E( ~( z. F* Q; E
Are you coughing up large amounts of blood (massive hemoptysis)?
7 M; {7 e7 \0 T5 y4 CCan you see blood when you cough up something?# n) o: \2 [' I! k) z6 s
How many times have you coughed up blood?
\, W) @0 I0 b* B6 IIs there blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)?7 |3 u5 C K% |( k8 k s6 S, n$ w
Time pattern" M7 h0 N) E5 U3 }0 _2 x [7 ?
Did it begin suddenly?
0 ^5 P* B& X* u3 P, [Has it increased recently?7 J! m# m. U T8 U b
For how many weeks has the cough lasted?
2 q1 M1 ^/ z* Y$ fIs the cough worse at night?% [4 Z: g/ Z( y; h: Y Y9 d/ {* v
What other symptoms do you have?
! ^* U- n4 c/ U& yThe doctor will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include:
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5 o% k! t$ X2 m1 n1 |Bronchoscopy, a test to view the airways- m/ E2 p) |/ K& ?4 T% M) m* c
Chest CT scan5 X; ]8 T2 R! T' k
Chest x-ray8 H- U% r- ?& c1 B; {$ j* y
Complete blood count
" U% d* V( J3 r1 [Lung biopsy" v4 v/ x6 @) @" q: M& R5 B
Lung scan
- w% y. L# Z4 t! w; LPulmonary arteriography
O/ Y8 i/ X* F+ t- Y# G/ J& HSputum culture and smear
+ z4 F9 @5 k9 o' e8 E0 s! ZTest to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT |
老年肺癌再获新生，阿替利珠单抗陪伴
作者：seacat“医生，我不是怕死，只是想多看看孙子长大。”
在某三甲医院的门诊室，
抗炎后结节缩小0.3cm，不敢奢望是炎
我父亲71岁，戒烟10年。10年前脑出血开颅手术，所以把烟戒了。
25年4月15日 高血压呕
手术后一个月复查增强CT，纵隔七区淋
8月23日手术，9月23日做增强ct，看到纵膈七区又有肿大淋巴结，瞬间不淡定了：手术前派
抗癌新人，刚刚确诊，希望得到大家的
病人基本情况：
性别： 女 身髙152㎝，体重110斤 年龄：
肿瘤患者白蛋白低，怎么补充更省钱？
前言
病人白蛋白一直偏低，有腹水，有什么办法可以补充？
白蛋白28，有必要输人血白
显身卡
谢谢老马
